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            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"> <br>
            <h1 style="text-align: center;"><big><big><big><a
 name="how_data_compression_works"></a>Lossy and lossless compression
algorithms<br>
            </big></big></big></h1>
            <br>
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                  <div> </div>
                  <ul>
                    <li>
                      <p><a
 href="lossless-compression-lossy-compression.html#compression_types_comparison">LOSSY
AND
LOSSLESS DATA COMPRESSION DEFINITION</a></p>
                    </li>
                  </ul>
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                  <h2><img alt="file compression algorithms types"
 title="Compression algorithms types"
 src="file-format/archive-manager.png"
 style="width: 96px; height: 96px;" align="right"></h2>
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            <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <h2><big><big><big><a name="compression_types_comparison"></a><a
 href="lossless-compression-lossy-compression.html#how_data_compression_works">Lossy
and lossless data compression
definition</a></big></big><br>
            </big></h2>
            </div>
            <br>
            <h3><big>What is file compression,
types of algorithms</big><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></h3>
            <span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
File compression</span> is the process of
creating a smaller output from a larger input, in order to sparing
storage space, or saving bandwidth to share the data, or reduce the
input to a suitable size for a media of distribution (CD, DVD, mail
attachment size limit...).<br>
            <br>
            <h2><big>How lossy and lossless compression works</big></h2>
            <br>
Data compression can be defined <span style="font-weight: bold;">lossy
            </span>or <span style="font-weight: bold;">lossless</span>,
in terms of
reversibility of the compression process due loss (or preservation) of
original information in the process. The two types of algorithms have
different pros and cons, and different field of application.<br>
            <br>
            <h3><big>Lossless compression definition, file archiving</big></h3>
            <br>
            <a name="lossless_compression_algorithms"></a>Lossless
compression
uses
statistical models to map the input to a smaller
output eliminating redundancy in the data.<br>
In this way the output carry
exactly all the information featured by the input in less bytes, and
can be expanded when needed to a 1:1 copy of the original data
(restoring exactly the original content), which
is a fundamental property for storing some types of data - i.e. a
software, a database.<br>
            <br>
            <a name="compression_of_archive_files"></a>For this reason
lossless compression algorithms are used for data backup and for <a
 href="archive-file-formats-comparison.html">archive
file formats</a>
used in general
purpose archive manager utilities, like <span
 style="font-weight: bold;">7Z</span>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">RAR</span>,
and <span style="font-weight: bold;">ZIP</span>, where an
exact and reversible image
of the original data must be saved.<br>
Examples of lossless compression algorithms are Deflate (used i.e. for
ZIP and GZ formats), BZip2 (used in BZ2 format), PPMd (RAR, 7Z
formats), LZMA / LZMA2 (7Z / XZ format).<br>
            <table style="width: 100%; text-align: left;" border="0"
 cellpadding="24" cellspacing="0">
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td
 style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; width: 128px;">
                  <h2><span style="font-weight: bold;"><img
 title="Invertible compression algorithms"
 alt="what is lossless compression" src="file-format/quotes.png"
 style="width: 32px; height: 32px;"></span></h2>
                  </td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;"><big><span
 style="font-style: italic;">Lossless compression is fully invertible,
as 1:1 copy of original content input is stored in the smaller,
efficiently encoded output, so it is usually suitable for backup, file
archiving and other applications where any loss of information is not
tolerable.<br>
                  </span></big></td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 128px;">
                  <h3><img
 title="Lossy - Lossless compression differences"
 alt="reversible compression algorithms"
 src="file-format/quotes-inverse.png" style="width: 32px; height: 32px;"></h3>
                  </td>
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Some graphic file fomats (notably, PNG files and deflated TIFF) uses
lossless compression, which usually results in less compression but no
image quality degradation after multiple cycles of modification and
saving of the picture, making this kind of image format suitable as
intermediate save files for image editing tools.<span
 style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
            </span><br>
            <h3><big>Lossy compression definition, multimedia data
compression<br>
            </big></h3>
            <br>
            <a name="lossy_compression_algorithms"></a>Lossy
compression, instead,
works
identifying unnecessary
or less relevant information (not just redundant data) and removing it.
            <br>
            <br>
Unlike the lossless compression, the amount of information to compress
is effectively reduced.<br>
The loss of information / content is irreversible, and depending from
the nature of the algorithm, will likely happen each time the content
is modified and saved to a lossy file format - e.g. when editing a
lossy jpeg images, and saving it multiple times to intermediate work
files.<br>
            <br>
In this way data
compression ratio is improved but at the cost of making lossy
compression a
non reversible process - as it comes at the cost of losing part of the
information - and making it a suitable choice only when it is not
intended, by design, to restore the original content again.<br>
            <br>
            <a name="multimedia_file_compression"></a>Lossy compression
is consequently not suitable for general purpose file
archiving
(as in example losing a single byte of an executable file would make it
not working), but&nbsp; it works very well when loss, reducing less
relevant
information, is acceptable, as for graphic and multimedia files
compression
- in example for <span style="font-weight: bold;">MP3</span>
losing audio information below the audibility threshold, or losing not
visible details in <span style="font-weight: bold;">JPEG</span>
images, or both in compressed video formats such as <span
 style="font-weight: bold;">MPEG </span>(AVI, MKV, MPG, MP4...).<br>
            <table style="width: 100%; text-align: left;" border="0"
 cellpadding="24" cellspacing="0">
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td
 style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; width: 128px;">
                  <h2><span style="font-weight: bold;"><img
 title="destructive compression algorithm"
 alt="what is lossy compression" src="file-format/quotes.png"
 style="width: 32px; height: 32px;"></span></h2>
                  </td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;"><big>Information
loss is destructive for the ability of 1:1 reversal of
the algorithm (the information is permanently lost), but it is not
prejudicial for the ability of end users to receive meaningful
information - intelligible audio, clear picture or video.</big></td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 128px;">
                  <h3><img title="Information loss"
 alt="non reversible compression algorithms"
 src="file-format/quotes-inverse.png" style="width: 32px; height: 32px;"></h3>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
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Most common lossy compression algorithms are consequently usually fine
tuned for the specific pattern of a multimedia data type.<br>
            <br>
Due the lossy nature of those compression schemes, however, usually
professional editing work is performed on non compressed data (i.e. WAV
audio, or TIFF images) or data compressed in a lossless way (i.e. FLAC
audio, or PNG images) every time it is feasible so saving the work in
progress multiple times does not result in losing bits of the
information each time, with progressive degradation of quality -
usually
reserving use of lossy compression to final step for creating a
reasonably sized output to distribute for media consumption.<br>
            <br>
Read <a target="_blank"
 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_compression">lossless
compression<img alt="optimize data compression"
 title="Lossless compression algorithms" src="free-rar/extractor.png"
 style="border: 0px solid ; width: 12px; height: 10px;"></a> and <a
 target="_blank" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossy_compression">lossy
compression<img alt="optimize picture compression"
 title="Lossy compression algoritms" src="free-rar/extractor.png"
 style="border: 0px solid ; width: 12px; height: 10px;"></a>
definitions on Wikipedia.
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            <p> </p>
            <p><a href="peazip-help-faq.html">FAQ</a>
&gt; Archiving &gt; What are lossy &amp; lossless compression</p>
Topics and search suggestions about how lossy compression and lossless
compression works, what are reversible and non reversible algorithms,
invertible file compressio / archiving and non-invertible destructive
multimedia compression, compare definitions and compressed file types:
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                  <td
 style="vertical-align: top; width: 25%; font-style: italic;"> what is
lossy compression, <br>
classification of compression algorithms,<br>
loss of information,<br>
file compression utility,<br>
multimedia compression,<br>
                  </td>
                  <td
 style="vertical-align: top; width: 25%; font-style: italic;"> what is
lossless
compression,<br>
data
compression types,<br>
lossy / lossless differences,<br>
non invertible algorithms,<br>
how file compression works,<br>
application of lossless compression,<br>
                  </td>
                  <td
 style="vertical-align: top; width: 25%; font-style: italic;">advantages
and disadvantages of
lossy &amp; lossless compression,<br>
types of compression strategies,<br>
what are invertible functions,<br>
what is file compression,<br>
                  <h4>file compression applications,</h4>
                  </td>
                  <td
 style="vertical-align: top; width: 25%; font-style: italic;">compressing
multimedia files,<br>
non-reversible algorithm,<br>
applications of lossy compression,<br>
file compression software,<br>
compression algorithm families,<br>
classification of compression<br>
                  </td>
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